घी · நெய் · ঘি

Dal, rice, roti, vegetables, sweets, chai

पनीर

Curries, rice dishes, snacks

दही · தயிர்

Marinades, sauces, rice dishes, raita

උම්බලකඩ

Curries, sambols, coconut relish — invisible base flavour

น้ำปลา · nước mắm · patis

Curries, stir fries, soups, salads, marinades, desserts

กะปิ · terasi · belacan · prahok

Curry pastes, sambal, stir fries

น้ำมันหอย · 蚝油

Stir fries, noodles, vegetable dishes

Ikan bilis

Nasi lemak, sambal, broths

Crayfish · Écrevisses

Jollof rice, soups, stews, egusi, okra dishes

Panla · Stockfish · Poisson fumé

Soups, stews, pepper soup, ogbono

Dawadawa · Iru · Soumbala

Soups, stews — fermented umami source

Maggi · Jumbo · Knorr

Almost all savoury dishes — usually contains chicken/beef

Плов · Ош

National rice dish — traditionally cooked in lamb or beef fat

Бульон

Soups, lagman noodles, manti dough, rice dishes

Каймак · Сметана

Garnish on soups, dumplings, salads, bread

—

Manti, samsa, lagman — "vegetable" versions often contain small amounts of meat

だし · 出汁

Miso soup, ramen, simmered dishes, rice seasonings

かつお節

Toppings, broths, seasonings

蚝油 · 蠔油

Stir fries, vegetable dishes, dim sum

猪油

Pastries, fried rice, dumplings

멸치

Kimchi, soups, stews, banchan

Manteca · Banha

Beans, tortillas, tamales, rice, empanadas

Caldo de pollo

Rice, soups, sauces — default base

Crema

Garnish on almost everything

Bacalao · Morue

Ackee and saltfish, fritters, stews, seasoning

Stock · Broth

Rice and peas, stews, soups, sauces

Pig tail · Salt meat

Beans, rice and peas, greens, soups

Butter · Carnation

Baked goods, drinks, desserts

Smalec · Сало · Zsír · Sádlo

Fried potatoes, pastries, bread, dumplings

Сметана · Śmietana · Tejföl

Soups, dumplings, potatoes, goulash

Бульон · Bulion

Soups, bean dishes, sauces

Acciughe · Anchoas

Pizza, pasta sauces, Caesar dressing, tapenade

Parmigiano · Pecorino

Pasta, risotto, pesto, soups, salads

Pasta all'uovo

Fresh pasta, stuffed pasta, lasagne

Φέτα · Χαλούμι

Salads, pastries, grilled dishes

سمن

Rice, pastries, desserts, couscous

لبنة

Garnish, mezze, breakfast, wraps

عيران · لبن

Drinks, sauces, marinades

Dagaa · Omena

Stews, bean dishes, ugali accompaniments

Mchuzi wa nyama

Bean stews, rice dishes, sauces

ንጥር ቅቤ · Siagi

Most Ethiopian dishes, injera toppings, stews — less common in Kenya/Tanzania

Beurre · Butter · Boter

Sauces, vegetables, bread, pastries — default cooking fat

Crème · Sahne · Room

Soups, pasta, vegetable gratins, desserts

Schmalz · Griebenschmalz

Traditional bread spread, some pastries, fried foods

Gélatine · Gelatine

Desserts, mousses, some yogurts, sweets

Chicken broth

"Vegetable" soups, rice, sauces, gravies

Butter

Vegetables, bread, steaks, seafood — often added before serving

Honey

Bread, dressings, sauces, "healthy" snacks

Worcester sauce

Caesar dressing, marinades, Bloody Marys, savoury sauces

Smör · Fløte · Smør

Mashed potatoes, sauces, baked goods, open sandwiches

Fiskbuljong

Some traditional soups and stews

Ägg · Egg

Pastries, breads, traditional cakes

Honey · Manuka

Health foods, dressings, baked goods, cafes

Fish sauce

Thai, Vietnamese, other Asian cuisines

Milk · Cream

Baked goods, some sauces — but alternatives always available

Stock · Sous

Potjiekos, stews, gravies, some rice dishes

Ghee · Botter

Bredie stews, koeksisters, traditional curries

Pap · Sadza

Sometimes butter or milk added to maize porridge